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Commentaries on Plato
Commentaries on Plato refers to the great mass of literature produced, especially in the ancient and medieval world, to explain and clarify the works of Plato. Many Platonist philosophers in the centuries following Plato sought to clarify and summarise his thoughts, but it was during the Roman era, that the Neoplatonists, in particular, wrote many commentaries on individual dialogues of Plato, many of which survive to the present day.
==Greek commentators==
Many of the scholars in the Platonic Academy sought to clarify and explain Plato's ideas. Already in the 3rd century BC, we hear of a commentary to Plato's ''Timaeus'' being written by Crantor of Soli;〔Zeller (1895), page 172〕 and in the 1st century AD a commentary on Plato's ''Republic'' was written by Onasander.〔Dihle & Malzahn 1994, page 153〕 By the 2nd century the Middle Platonists were producing paraphrases and summaries of Plato's thought. Thus we have Albinus, who wrote an introduction to Plato's works, and Alcinous and Apuleius who both wrote manuals of Platonism.〔Zeller (1895), page 309〕 From the physician Galen we have fragments of a commentary on the ''Timaeus''.〔Dickey 2007, page 49〕 Already though the influence of Aristotle was being felt on the popular Platonism of the day, and we have the figure of Atticus (c. 175) who opposed the eclecticism which had invaded the school and contested the theories of Aristotle as an aberration from Plato.〔
The Neoplatonists though sought to exhibit the philosophical ideas of Plato and Aristotle as a unity. Porphyry (3rd century) attempted in a special work to show the agreement of Aristotelian and Platonist philosophy and wrote a number of commentaries on Plato, Aristotle, and Theophrastus.〔Zeller (1895), page 323〕 Additional commentaries on Plato were written by Dexippus, Plutarch of Athens, and Syrianus. A partial translation and commentary in Latin of Plato's ''Timaeus'' by Calcidius was significant for being the only substantial work of Plato known to scholars in the Latin west for approximately 800 years.〔Grant 2004, pages 93-4〕 The best commentaries date from this era; most of the works of Proclus are commentaries on single dialogues of Plato and similar subjects.〔Hegel (1896), page 403〕 The commentaries on Plato were either given in lectures or written; and many have come down to us. Later Neoplatonist commentators on Plato whose works partially survive include Damascius and Olympiodorus.
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